These are simple, handy tools used mainly by peasant farmers. They are designed to help the hands to apply force in farm operations. Some common simple farm tools and their functions are discussed below. Types of Simple Farm Tools Cutlass This is the tool most commonly used by farmers. There are two main types…
MATTER
Science interprets nature in terms of energy and matter. Matter, the material of which the universe is composed, may be defined as anything that has mass and occupies space. Mass is a measure of quantity of matter. The mass of a body which is determined by means of an analytical balance is invariable, while the…
CALCULATION OF AREA OF FARM LAND AND PLANT POPULATION
The shape and size of any farmland can be measured or determined by farm surveying. The area of farmland varies; some are rectangular, square, triangular or even circular in shape. The formula used in the calculation of farmlands and plant population include: a) Area of Farmland: This refers to the product of the length and…
FARM SURVEYING AND PLANNING
Farm surveying is defined as the process of measuring and mapping out the position, topography, size and boundary of an area of farmland. It can also be defined as the process by which measuring of land is made on the farm. Such measurements by tables, plans or layout are done for specific purposes. IMPORTANCE…
METHODS OF FISH HARVESTING
Fishing Tools or Gears Examples of fishing tools or gears commonly used to harvest fishes are: cast net. drag net, draw net, or seine net. clap net. set net. trawler with seine net or fishing trawler. fish traps, gill net, fishing basket, harpoon or spear. 1) Fishing Nets Fishing nets are generally used for…
PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION OF FISH
Harvested fish is either consumed, sold or preserved for future use. Fish processing involves the removal of scales, fins, gut and gills. The remaining part is then cooked or fried for eating. By-products of fish processing include: fish meal. fish scales. cod liver oil. fish skin. Fish can be preserved for future use by…
FEATURES OF A STANDARD FISH POND
The essential features of a standard fish pond include: Dam. Core trench. Distribution channel. Spill way. Monk. Boards. Screen. Dam slope (inner and outer). Dam: This is the large area of the pond that holds water. It ensures the availability of water in the pond. Core trench: This is the escavated portion of the fish…
AQUACULTURE
Aquaculture is the act of rearing selected species of fish, shrimbs , crabs, etc under scientifically-controlled conditions in enclosed bodies of water such as ponds, streams and rivers where they feed, grow, breed and are harvested for consumption or for sale. TYPES OF AQUACULTURE The different types of aquaculture are: Fish farming. Shrimp farming….
ANIMAL BY-PRODUCTS
By-products derived from farm animals include hides and skin, fur, wool, feathers, horns, milk, eggs, meat, tail of animal, bone, blood and manure (dung). 1) HIDES AND SKIN Hides and skin are derived from the skin of cattle, sheep, goat, pig and rabbit. Economic Importance of Hides and Skin Hides and skin are processed…
MAIN REPRODUCTIVE HORMONES IN FARM ANIMALS
Hormones are chemical substances which co-ordinate the activities of the body. They are secreted by ductless glands in the body and transferred through the blood to the target organs on which they exert their effects. Hormones . concerned with reproduction in farm animals can be grouped into male and female reproductive hormones. Male Reproductive…